Materi Bahasa Inggris
TENSES
Tenses adalah perubahan kata kerja yang dipengaruhi oleh waktu dan sifat kejadian. Semua kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris tidak lepas dari tenses karena semua kalimat pasti ada hubungannya dengan waktu dan sifat kejadiannya.
SIMPLE PRESENT
A. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + V- 1 (s/es) + O + keterangan waktu.
(-) S + do/does + not + V - 1 + O + keterangan waktu. (?) Do/does + S + V- 1 + O + keterangan waktu?
Contoh :
(+) You study English at MEC everyday.
(-) You don't study English at MEC everyday. (?) Do you study English at MEC everyday?
1. Kalau subjek kalimat orang ketiga tunggal (the third person singular-she/he/it), kata kerja harus ditambah dengan "s" atau "es" dalam kalimat positif (positive statement).
Contoh: Mary usually goes swimming on Saturday morning.
Mother always serves our breakfast before we go to school.
My brother likes playing tennis on Sunday morning.
2. Akhiran "s" pada kata kerja
Pada umumnya kata kerja ditambah dengan akhiran "s" jika subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal (the third person singular - he/she/it).
Contoh:
I work five days a week.
We play tennis every Sunday The boys play in the garden
She works five days a week. Father takes a train to go to office.
A mouse eats my food every morning
3. Akhiran "es" digunakan pada kata kerja yang huruf akhirnya "s, ch, sh, x, o", jika subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal. Sedangkan kata kerja yang huruf akhimya "y" dan didahului huruf mati, y ditukar dulu dengan "i" kemudian ditambah "es"
Contoh:
I pass the house.
You watch television. We wash our clocthes. They go to office.
I study English
He passes the house. John goes to office. She washes her clothes. She watches television. He studies English
4. Kalimat menyangkal (negative)
Kalimat menyangkal (negative) dibentuk dengan menempatkan "do not/don't atau does not/doesn't" sesudah subjek kalimat. "Doesn't" digunakan untuk orang ketiga tunggal (he doesn't, she doesn't, it
doesn't), sedangkan "don't"
digunakan untuk selain orang ketiga tunggal (I don't, you don't, we don't, they don't).
Contoh:
You don't go swimming on Monday. We don't work on Saturday.
I don't work at the aircraft factory.
He doesn't work on Saturday.
My brother doesn't play football every day. John doesn't work at the aircraft company
5. Kalimat tanya (interrogative)
Kalimat tanya (interrogative) dibentuk dengan menempatkan kata Bantu "do atau does"di depan kalimat. "Does" digunakan untuk orang ketiga tunggal (he, she, it), sedangkan "do" digunakan untuk selain orang ketiga tunggal (I, you, we, they). "Do/does" dalam kalimat tanya artinya"apakah" dan kata kerjanya tidak lagi menggunakan akhiran "s/es" walaupun subjek kalimatnya orang ketiga tunggal
Contoh:
Do you always go to office by train? Do they go swimming every Sunday? Do the boys like this film?
Does your brother work for bank Mandiri ?
Does he go swimming every Sunday?
Does the boy like this film?
6. Kesesuaian subject dan auxiliary verb di tenses ini adalah sebagai berikut:
DO digunakan oleh subject I, you, we, dan they. DOES digunakan oleh subject she, he, dan it.
B. Penggunaan
1. Simple Present digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa, kejadian, kegiatan yang terjadi berulang-ulang, atau merupakan suatu kebiasaan (habit).
Contoh:
I leave for office at 6 every morning. My father works five days a week.
Father always drinks tea in the afternoon.
2. Simple Present juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu fakta (fact) atau suatu yang merupakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Contoh:
The River Nile flows into Mediterranean. Jet engines make a lot of noise.
Vegetarians don't eat meat and fish.
3. Simple Present juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang akan terjadi di waktu yang akan datang, jika kita membicarakan suatu Jadwal, program, dan lain-lain.
Contoh:
The second train leaves at 10 a.m.
The football match starts at 4 p.m tomorrow. The second film begins at 7 p.m.
C. Keterangan Waktu (Adverb of time)
1. Adverb of frequency
always : selalu
Usually : biasanya
generally : umumnya
ever (?) : pernah
Sometimes : kadang-kadang occasionally : kadarag-kaclang
never : tidak pernah
Seldom : jarang
2. Adverb of quantity
once … : sekali ...
once a day : sekali dalam sehari
once a week : sekali dalam seminggu
twice … : dua kali ...
three times … : tiga kali dalam ...
every … : setiap ...
Exercise
A. Make the sentences using the phrases below
a) eat breakfast
b) go to class
c) put on my clothes
d) drink a cup of coffee/tea
e) shave
f) put on my make-up
g) take a shower/bath
h) get up
i) pick up my books
j) walk to the bathroom
k) watch TV
l) look in the mirror
m) turn off the alarm clock
n) go to die kitchen/the cafeteria
o) brush/comb my hair
p) say good-bye to my roommate, wife/husband
q) brush my teeth
r) do exercises
s) wash my face
t) stretch, yawn, and rub my eyes
B. Put the following sentences into simple present. Use the words in parentheses!
1. My sister still … (make) some mistakes in pronunciation.
2. Hendry always … (do) his weekly report on Monday afternoon.
A. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + V- 1 (s/es) + O + keterangan waktu.
(-) S + do/does + not + V - 1 + O + keterangan waktu. (?) Do/does + S + V- 1 + O + keterangan waktu?
Contoh :
(+) You study English at MEC everyday.
(-) You don't study English at MEC everyday. (?) Do you study English at MEC everyday?
1. Kalau subjek kalimat orang ketiga tunggal (the third person singular-she/he/it), kata kerja harus ditambah dengan "s" atau "es" dalam kalimat positif (positive statement).
Contoh: Mary usually goes swimming on Saturday morning.
Mother always serves our breakfast before we go to school.
My brother likes playing tennis on Sunday morning.
2. Akhiran "s" pada kata kerja
Pada umumnya kata kerja ditambah dengan akhiran "s" jika subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal (the third person singular - he/she/it).
Contoh:
I work five days a week.
We play tennis every Sunday The boys play in the garden
She works five days a week. Father takes a train to go to office.
A mouse eats my food every morning
3. Akhiran "es" digunakan pada kata kerja yang huruf akhirnya "s, ch, sh, x, o", jika subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal. Sedangkan kata kerja yang huruf akhimya "y" dan didahului huruf mati, y ditukar dulu dengan "i" kemudian ditambah "es"
Contoh:
I pass the house.
You watch television. We wash our clocthes. They go to office.
I study English
He passes the house. John goes to office. She washes her clothes. She watches television. He studies English
4. Kalimat menyangkal (negative)
Kalimat menyangkal (negative) dibentuk dengan menempatkan "do not/don't atau does not/doesn't" sesudah subjek kalimat. "Doesn't" digunakan untuk orang ketiga tunggal (he doesn't, she doesn't, it
doesn't), sedangkan "don't"
digunakan untuk selain orang ketiga tunggal (I don't, you don't, we don't, they don't).
Contoh:
You don't go swimming on Monday. We don't work on Saturday.
I don't work at the aircraft factory.
He doesn't work on Saturday.
My brother doesn't play football every day. John doesn't work at the aircraft company
5. Kalimat tanya (interrogative)
Kalimat tanya (interrogative) dibentuk dengan menempatkan kata Bantu "do atau does"di depan kalimat. "Does" digunakan untuk orang ketiga tunggal (he, she, it), sedangkan "do" digunakan untuk selain orang ketiga tunggal (I, you, we, they). "Do/does" dalam kalimat tanya artinya"apakah" dan kata kerjanya tidak lagi menggunakan akhiran "s/es" walaupun subjek kalimatnya orang ketiga tunggal
Contoh:
Do you always go to office by train? Do they go swimming every Sunday? Do the boys like this film?
Does your brother work for bank Mandiri ?
Does he go swimming every Sunday?
Does the boy like this film?
6. Kesesuaian subject dan auxiliary verb di tenses ini adalah sebagai berikut:
DO digunakan oleh subject I, you, we, dan they. DOES digunakan oleh subject she, he, dan it.
B. Penggunaan
1. Simple Present digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa, kejadian, kegiatan yang terjadi berulang-ulang, atau merupakan suatu kebiasaan (habit).
Contoh:
I leave for office at 6 every morning. My father works five days a week.
Father always drinks tea in the afternoon.
2. Simple Present juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu fakta (fact) atau suatu yang merupakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Contoh:
The River Nile flows into Mediterranean. Jet engines make a lot of noise.
Vegetarians don't eat meat and fish.
3. Simple Present juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang akan terjadi di waktu yang akan datang, jika kita membicarakan suatu Jadwal, program, dan lain-lain.
Contoh:
The second train leaves at 10 a.m.
The football match starts at 4 p.m tomorrow. The second film begins at 7 p.m.
C. Keterangan Waktu (Adverb of time)
1. Adverb of frequency
always : selalu
Usually : biasanya
generally : umumnya
ever (?) : pernah
Sometimes : kadang-kadang occasionally : kadarag-kaclang
never : tidak pernah
Seldom : jarang
2. Adverb of quantity
once … : sekali ...
once a day : sekali dalam sehari
once a week : sekali dalam seminggu
twice … : dua kali ...
three times … : tiga kali dalam ...
every … : setiap ...
Exercise
A. Make the sentences using the phrases below
a) eat breakfast
b) go to class
c) put on my clothes
d) drink a cup of coffee/tea
e) shave
f) put on my make-up
g) take a shower/bath
h) get up
i) pick up my books
j) walk to the bathroom
k) watch TV
l) look in the mirror
m) turn off the alarm clock
n) go to die kitchen/the cafeteria
o) brush/comb my hair
p) say good-bye to my roommate, wife/husband
q) brush my teeth
r) do exercises
s) wash my face
t) stretch, yawn, and rub my eyes
B. Put the following sentences into simple present. Use the words in parentheses!
1. My sister still … (make) some mistakes in pronunciation.
2. Hendry always … (do) his weekly report on Monday afternoon.
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